Author’s note A common feature of democratization processes across countries is a decrease in societal order. Political liberalization increases the number and types of citizens’  demands.  Previously  ignored  groups  now become relevant to both governments and those wishing to become government. However, existing institutions are not equipped to cope with the new demand. The rule […]

Author’s note Este ensayo recomienda medidas para proveer a Cuba de un sistema bancario eficiente y de un mercado de capitales moderno. Las recomendaciones aquí propuestas se hacen desde un punto de vista técnico para ayudar a fortalecer el crecimiento económico y la reducción de la pobreza. Este ensayo se escribió originalmente a petición de […]

In the long-run Cuban history, tragic as it has been, shows that nothing is to be excluded as impossible. Almost 30 years ago, a communist system in Central and Eastern Europe cracked and quickly collapsed, followed by the “unexpected” dissolution of the Soviet Union two and half years later. Today, only two nations still belong […]

A pesar de que su contribución directa al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) apenas se acerca al 4%, debido a sus vínculos directos con otros sectores de la economía y su efecto multiplicador, el sector agrícola ocupa un lugar de gran importancia en la economía cubana (Nova González, 2013). El sector agrícola es una importante fuente […]

Economic reforms in the mid-1980s and early 1990s transformed agricultural production, consumption, and trade in the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Similar reform processes were implemented in China (1979) and Vietnam (1986). In the early 1990s, and as a response to the economic shock […]