Author’s note In December 2014, the United States announced a series of measures to liberalize transactions with Cuba in the areas of trade, tourism and remittances. This announcement, the subsequent re-establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and President Obama’s visit to Havana, caused a groundswell of enthusiasm in both countries. In particular, there […]

Author’s note Obama’s normalization policy is a useful starting point for analyzing policies of the Trump Administration for two different reasons. First, evidence and perspective on its effects can provide insights on the recently-announced Trump policy (The White House Press Office, June 16, 2017) both with respect to what changed and what did not change. […]

The nation of Cuba derives its drinking water from both surface water and groundwater sources. Usually treatment for groundwater sources is chlorination with no further treatment. Cueto, et al estimate there are 59 surface water treatment plants that use a combination of American, European, Soviet and Cuban designs. Many use conventional treatment processes which consist […]

This paper describes the need for temporary water disinfection systems in Cuba and the efforts of two United States missionary groups to bring “safe water” to those in need in Cuba. Also described is the technology used for water disinfection systems installed by the two missionary organizations, Living Waters for the World (LWW) and United […]

Author’s note A perennial problem in revolutionary Cuba has been the shortage of housing. While it predates 1959, many economic and social policies implemented since, when coupled with demographic and political developments, have accentuated the shortage. The 1960s and 1970s baby boom would several decades later provoke a housing demand surge mitigated by the housing […]