EXIT AND PARTICIPATION: RESPONSES TO DECLINING MEMBERSHIP IN SMALL CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS Roger R. Betancourt In a classic work titled ‘Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses To Declining Membership in Firms, Organizations and States’, Albert O. Hirschman suggested that there was a third factor linking exit (leaving the firm organization or state) to voice (acting in […]
Cuba’s Normalization Policy In A Trump Administration: Political Economy Perspectives
Author’s note Obama’s normalization policy is a useful starting point for analyzing policies of the Trump Administration for two different reasons. First, evidence and perspective on its effects can provide insights on the recently-announced Trump policy (The White House Press Office, June 16, 2017) both with respect to what changed and what did not change. […]
USA-Cuba Migration Policy: A Political Economy View
Notes1 Considering the inconsistencies in U.S. migration policies and a number of recent events, it is wise to ask if an unusual turn on migration policy with respect to Cuba is in the works and/or should be in the works. Four factors come together to increase the probability of change in U.S. migration policies toward […]
Cuba 2014: A Different Perspective on Cuba’s “Structural” Reforms
Notes1 In this brief paper we group the nine reforms labelled as “structural” by Mesa-Lago and Pérez-López (2013, Table 6.1) into three types. In addition, we include a couple of changes that can be viewed as reforms, and are not explicitly listed by them, in the groups where they belong. In the first group are […]
Should the U.S. Lift the Cuban Embargo? Yes; It Already Has; and It Depends!
Notes1 In this essay I will discuss the main issues that underlie the Cuban embargo from a political economy perspective. In this introduction we set the stage for our discussion by noting important features of embargoes in general. In the first substantive section of the paper we present a brief history of the origin and […]
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